Atopic eczema is a common long-term skin condition in babies and children that causes dry, itchy, inflamed patches of skin. It often starts in the first year of life and many children improve as they grow. The cornerstone of treatment is using a moisturiser (emollient) every day, even when the skin looks clear, and treating flare-ups early.
What eczema looks like
- Babies: often on the cheeks, scalp, chest and outer arms and legs
- Older children: in skin folds such as elbows, knees, wrists, ankles and neck
- Dry, rough, itchy skin; scratch marks; thickened skin over time
- On brown and black skin: patches may look dark brown, purple or grey rather than red, and small bumps around hair follicles are common; skin may become lighter or darker after healing
Common triggers
- Soaps, bubble baths and perfumed products
- Hot weather and sweating, or very cold, dry air
- Wool and synthetic fabrics
- Dust mites, pets and pollen
- Infections
- In some babies, food allergies (seek medical advice before cutting out foods)
Daily skin-care routine
- Bathe in lukewarm water for 5–10 minutes; use an emollient wash instead of soap.
- Pat dry gently.
- Apply emollient generously within a few minutes, smoothing it in the direction of hair growth.
- Repeat emollient 2 to 4 times a day, and more during flares.
- Dress in cotton and keep nails short.
Thick creams or ointments work better than lotions for very dry skin. Avoid shea butter or oils that cause irritation in your child, and be careful with home remedies containing fragrance or herbs.
Treating flare-ups
- Topical steroids prescribed by a doctor reduce inflammation. Used correctly (the right strength, for short periods, on the affected areas), they are safe. Don’t stop or avoid them out of fear; ask your doctor how to use them.
- Continue emollients alongside steroids, applied at a different time.
- Antihistamines may help sleep if itching is severe.
- Never use bleaching creams or adult steroid creams bought without a prescription on a child’s skin.
Signs of infection: see a doctor promptly
- Weeping, crusting or yellow crusts
- Pus-filled spots
- Fever and unwell child
- Painful clusters of blisters or punched-out sores (possible eczema herpeticum, an emergency)
Frequently asked questions
Will my child grow out of eczema?
Many children improve significantly by school age, though some continue to have dry or sensitive skin.
Is eczema contagious?
No. Eczema itself is not contagious, though infected eczema may spread infection.
Related reading: Chickenpox in children · Scabies guide · Asthma in children
Checked against NHS guidance on atopic eczema. Updated 5 November 2026.