Depression is a common, treatable health condition, not a weakness. The main signs are persistent low mood or loss of interest and pleasure for at least two weeks, along with changes in sleep, appetite, energy, concentration and feelings of worthlessness. If you recognise these signs in yourself or someone you love, talking to a healthcare provider or mental health professional is an important first step.
12 common signs of depression
- Feeling sad, empty or hopeless most of the day
- Losing interest in things you used to enjoy
- Sleeping too much or too little
- Changes in appetite or weight
- Constant tiredness or low energy
- Difficulty concentrating or making decisions
- Feeling worthless or excessively guilty
- Moving or speaking more slowly, or feeling restless
- Withdrawing from friends and family
- Irritability or anger
- Physical symptoms such as aches or stomach problems with no clear cause
- Thoughts of death or suicide
How depression can look different
- Men: anger, risk-taking, overworking, increased alcohol use rather than talking about sadness
- Teenagers: irritability, dropping grades, withdrawal, changes in friends
- Older adults: memory problems, physical complaints, loss of interest
- After birth: postnatal depression can affect mothers and fathers
- Healthcare workers: may hide symptoms out of fear of stigma
What helps
- Talking therapies such as cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)
- Antidepressants for moderate to severe depression, prescribed and monitored by a healthcare provider
- Exercise, routine and sleep
- Social connection
- Reducing alcohol and drugs, which worsen depression
How to help someone you love
- Listen without judging or rushing to fix
- Encourage them to see a healthcare provider and offer to go with them
- Keep in touch, even if they withdraw
- Ask directly about suicidal thoughts if you’re worried; asking doesn’t put the idea in their head
- Look after yourself too
Get urgent help if
You or someone else has thoughts of suicide or self-harm, has a plan, or is in immediate danger. Contact emergency services, a crisis helpline in your country, or go to the nearest emergency department.
Frequently asked questions
Can depression go away on its own?
Mild depression sometimes improves, but treatment speeds recovery and reduces the chance of it returning.
Is depression the same as sadness?
No. Sadness passes; depression lasts and affects daily life.
Related reading: Depression and the PHQ-9 · Supporting a partner with depression · Seasonal affective disorder
Updated 5 November 2026. This is a sensitive topic. If you’re struggling, please reach out to a health professional or someone you trust.
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