Intrauterine devices (IUDs or coils) are more than 99% effective and can last from 3 to 10 years depending on the type. Once fitted, you don’t need to think about contraception every day.
Imagine being nervous about having a coil fitted after hearing horror stories. You take painkillers beforehand, the nurse explains every step, and the fitting takes about ten minutes. It’s uncomfortable, then crampy for a day. Five years later, you’ve barely thought about contraception.
The two main types
- Copper IUD: hormone-free; lasts 5 to 10 years. Periods may become heavier or more painful, especially at first. Can also be used as emergency contraception.
- Hormonal IUD (intrauterine system): releases a small amount of progestogen; lasts 3 to 8 years depending on the brand. Periods often become lighter or stop.
What fitting involves
A trained nurse or doctor uses a speculum, measures the womb and places the small T-shaped device. It usually takes 5 to 15 minutes. Pain varies a lot; you can ask about pain relief options, including taking a painkiller beforehand or local anaesthetic. Expect cramping and spotting for a few days.
Possible side effects and risks
- Irregular bleeding in the first months
- A small risk of infection in the first few weeks
- The coil moving or coming out (expulsion)
- Rarely, perforation of the womb during fitting
But can I get pregnant after removal?
Yes. Fertility returns quickly after removal. You can have it removed at any time by a trained professional. See a doctor if you have pelvic pain, fever, unusual discharge, can’t feel the threads, or think you might be pregnant.
Your next step: If you’re considering a coil, write down your questions about pain relief, bleeding and how long it lasts, and take them to your contraception appointment.
Sources: World Health Organization (Family planning), Faculty of Sexual and Reproductive Healthcare, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, NHS.
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