The HPV vaccine protects against the human papillomavirus types that cause most cervical cancers, as well as some cancers of the anus, penis, mouth and throat, and genital warts. It works best when given before someone becomes sexually active, which is why it’s offered to children around ages 9 to 14. Many adults can still benefit, depending on age, risk and national programmes.
Who is the HPV vaccine for?
- Children and adolescents: routine programmes for girls and, in many countries, boys, usually from age 9–14
- Young adults: catch-up vaccination is often offered up to about age 25–26
- Adults up to 45: in some countries (e.g. the US), adults aged 27–45 may be vaccinated after discussing benefits with a clinician
- Higher-risk groups: men who have sex with men and people living with HIV may be offered vaccination through specialist services
Eligibility differs by country, so check your national programme.
How many doses?
WHO now advises that a single dose provides strong protection for many age groups, and several countries have moved to one-dose schedules for young people. People with weakened immune systems may need more doses. Follow your local schedule.
Why it matters for adults
- It can protect against HPV types you haven’t been exposed to yet
- It doesn’t treat existing infections or abnormal cells
- Benefit is smaller for adults who have already had many partners, but some protection is still possible
Is it safe?
The HPV vaccine has been given to hundreds of millions of people and has a strong safety record. Common side effects are a sore arm, headache and feeling faint shortly after injection (sitting for 15 minutes afterwards helps).
Screening still matters
Vaccinated women still need regular cervical screening, because the vaccine doesn’t cover every cancer-causing HPV type.
Frequently asked questions
Can I get the HPV vaccine if I’m already sexually active?
Yes, if eligible. It may still protect against types you haven’t encountered.
Can men get the HPV vaccine?
Yes. Many countries vaccinate boys and some adult men.
Related reading: Cervical cancer screening · Chlamydia guide
Based on WHO information on HPV and cancer. Updated 5 November 2026.