Anti-embolism stockings can help prevent blood clots in hospital patients. But badly fitted stockings can cause skin damage. Here is how to get them right.
Imagine removing a patient’s stockings and finding deep red marks and a blister where the top band rolled down. The stockings meant to protect him have harmed him.
Who they are for
Anti-embolism stockings are used for some hospital patients at risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE), alongside or instead of medicines, according to a risk assessment.
Who should not wear them
- People with peripheral arterial disease or poor circulation to the legs
- Severe leg swelling or heart failure in some cases
- Fragile skin, ulcers, dermatitis or recent skin grafts
- Leg deformity that prevents a correct fit
- Allergies to the material
Measuring and fitting
- Measure the leg according to the manufacturer’s instructions, usually ankle and calf, and thigh for long stockings
- Choose the correct size and length
- Put on smoothly, without wrinkles
- Make sure the top band does not roll down
- Check heel and toe positioning
Daily checks
- Remove daily for skin checks and hygiene
- Look for redness, blisters or marks
- Check circulation, colour and sensation
- Re-measure if swelling changes
Frequently asked questions
Are they the same as compression socks for nurses?
No. Anti-embolism stockings are for patients in hospital; graduated compression for staff or travel is different.
But they are only stockings
Incorrect use can cause pressure damage. Treat them as a medical device and check them every day.
Your next step: Check your ward’s VTE policy and the measuring guide for the stockings you use.
Related: VTE prevention in nursing
Sources: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) venous thromboembolism guidance, manufacturers’ instructions, NHS patient safety resources.
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